在进入正文之前,要提到近日的一篇文章:[一出好戏],是天下第四好。
[一出好戏]有极大的格局眼界,但不够坚决。
黄渤在关键时刻,往后退了一步,让[一出好戏]这出反乌托邦故事,有了喜剧元素,也有了爱情救赎。
这是属于俗世的黄渤,他追求天下第四,电影也充满他的圆融,妥协,和宽容。
如果[一出好戏]一黑到底,就应当像它的前辈,[蝇王](1963年版),诺贝尔奖得主威廉·戈尔丁原著改编电影。
[蝇王]所有的,是知识分子的清冷狠辣。它不怕任何人绝望,因为它坚定相信,相比它其中描绘的,人间只会更严酷。
它是一群孩子流落荒岛,由文明堕入野蛮邪恶的故事。
电影1964年在英国上映时,干脆被评了X级,这个评级在当时即“十八禁”。
可小演员们因为这个评级,没有一个能进影院看自己演的片。
照我说,还应该定成十八禁。虽暴力血腥程度很小儿科,但它对恶的描绘,却足以对心灵造成毁灭性的打击。
可怕的是,[蝇王]中的恶,往往以天真的面目出现。
可怕的是,[蝇王]中的恶,一点一滴积累,本来只是沾了点泥点子,每多一点污浊,好像都没什么,恍然间却已经满手鲜血。
穿着黑色披风的唱诗班孩子们,沿着海岸齐齐整整,口里还唱着赞美诗。
他们唱的是“祝福我们的主”。
他们穿得像虔诚的教徒。
这身与其他孩子不一样的衣服,又带着居高临下的优越感。
在英国,有唱诗班的,往往是优秀的私立学校。
而在这学校中,唱诗班的孩子,又和其他学生是分开住宿的。他们因为付出劳动,还能得到奖学金。
在[蝇王]中,黑长袍们一出场,就有一阵完全不同的气场呼啸而过。
傲慢很明显,但又因为孩童的面目,只限于顽劣的程度。
可开会决议后,领头的杰克,做了一个极端的决定:
从唱诗班男孩——文明的天之骄子,变成猎人——野蛮食物链的顶端。
那衣服代表的秩序,在这个荒岛上不堪一击。别的孩子问,你们这是什么怪衣服?
那时候,唱诗班男孩还不服,没好气地反驳:这是我们的制服!
依然带着对文明的骄傲,只是猎人这个听起来新奇的身份,很有吸引力。
开始只是有趣,但衣服脱了,就穿不回去了。
这群本来最严守清规戒律,最应该纤尘不染的虔诚孩子,在尝到了肉腥味后,就一发不可收拾。
他们动作神态里的张狂戾气,与海边那些踏浪而来的孩子,已经完全两个世界。
虽然,只是脱了衣服,换了装备。
原来,人性只是裹在动物性之外的一件长袍,裹得越紧,被划破后的释放,就越丑陋。
野性太有吸引力了,一尝到血味,就回不去了。
杰克说是要当猎人。但在第一次遇见野猪时,他手中的刀,悬在猪脖子旁好久。
身边只有两个孩子,可他还是一脸懊恼,觉得面子挂不住。
我也是可以狠的,我也是能毁灭的。
只是一次小孩子不服输吧?可是那股戾气,即使没见血,也已经划在血肉边缘。
在猪颈旁犹疑的那只手,不会再自控了。
那一下一下深深插入,不仅仅是为饱腹,而是一种孩子们自己都无法解释的杀戮欲望。“杀杀杀”,抒发着原始快感。
亲手杀戮,亲手点火,亲手把烤猪大卸八块,对这群孩子来说,说不定味道比肉还好。
事到如今,好像也只是杀了几头猪而已。可人心已经开始荡漾了。
看!是怪兽!
只要这么一句话。杀怪兽,比杀猪还具有合理性。没有人去分辨,那是不是真的怪兽。
而后,杀人甚至无需借口。
猪和人不是同类,“怪兽”是人的敌人,可就是面对同伴,只因为“猪仔”和他们不是一条心,就可以一块巨石滚下去,要了他的命。
人性中排除异己的劣根性,比动物性还要野蛮。
而最动摇人心的,是口口相传的那只怪兽。
因为有怪兽,遵守文明秩序,便成了一件拿生命开玩笑的迂腐事情。
而武力成了王。
可是,根本没有怪兽,它只在人们口中,或心里。
因为装扮奇怪,因为孩子们太慌乱,把他认成了怪兽。
什么怪兽啊,不过是还没有生根发芽的邪恶,有了借口,便长成了人心里的怪兽。
影片中的蝇王,是那只献祭给怪兽的猪头。
我忍不住想起那具飞行员的尸体。
说是人,说是高等生物,腐臭后,还不是一只招惹苍蝇的蝇王?
要从人变成蝇王,真那么难吗?
只是脱了件衣服,因为压抑被释放,乍看像小孩子心性。
只是因为下不去手杀生,怕同伴认为自己懦弱,乍看像小孩子不服输。
只是为了饱腹,让求救的火种熄灭了,双方起了争执,乍看像小孩子打闹。
恶是一种怎样天真的假象,才会在人们浑然不觉之际,霸占了这座岛。
但那些细枝末节,又何止是细枝末节呢。
火种,是他们与文明世界最后的联系。
可带来火种的猪仔死了。
谁拿着谁说话的海螺,是他们曾经引以为豪的秩序——“我们可是英国人!”
可没有海螺了,也没有人在乎海螺了。
“恶之出于人,犹如蜜之出于蜂!”原作者戈尔丁这么说。
恶已经成了人自然而然的分泌物。
与[一出好戏]相比,[蝇王]这么决绝。
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文:姜不停
文章源自微信公众号:电影解毒
E.B.Taylor, A famous anthropologist and sociologist in nineteenth century, maintained that culture evolved from the simple to the complex and that all societies passed through three basic stages of development: from savagery through barbarism to civilization. But in this movie, we see the opposite law.A group of children were shipwrecked and landed on an uninhabited island. This group of children must build their own society on the island. At first, There was in order. Everyone had division of labor, everyone could express their views, everyone had food to eat. But soon, everything was broken, and the thirst for power and food made the children fall apart.
There are two core figures in the film:Ralph and Jack.Ralph has knowledge and thought of a civilized world, he is more mature than the other children.Jack is a very attractive child. He has strong organizational skills. He leads the children in hunting, and leads everyone to sing when they breaks.
It is worth noting that almost all the actors in the movie are children.Children mean ignorance, innocence and simplicity.So, children’s society is closest to Hobbes's "state of nature”.
Ralph has wisdom from the civilized world of the future.He advocated cooperation and set up a democratic system. Everyone has the right to speak and establish rules and regulations to regulate people's behavior. But the rules he made are loose, and are not guaranteed by force. It is obviously not suitable for children's society, because they are children, few people can understand it.So Ralph was seen as a idealist.In contrast, Jack's tribe is more realistic.In that case, whoever can let everyone have meat to eat and help everyone fight against wild animals will become the leader.People followed Jack because of fear or hunger.Then a hierarchy is formed.As Hobbes pointed out that society was a group of people under an authority , each individual delivered natural rights to this authority to maintain peace and resist foreign aggression.
The conflict between Ralph and Jack is mainly institutional. In the early days, Ralph made many rules and regulations. This is also the result of modern civilization. Jack is tired of these constraints and finds that the rules of civilization cannot give everyone a substantial hunting. Help, so Jack chose to give up humanity and regain the animal nature. They killed Simon, Piggy, and pursued Ralph (both children who advocate democracy in the movie). At this time, they are no different from the wolves and can no longer be Belong to the ranks of people.
My major is archaeology, in daily learning, I learned the state of ancient society.In the Paleolithic age of hundreds of thousands of years ago, people were hunting and gathering for living.The state of that time was very similar to that in the movie.People couldn't imagine what cooperation would bring to them.The only thing people want is safety and food.So the man who is the strongest with the highest hunting skills became the leader.
Another focus in the film is the monster.It is because of the fear of this ultimate evil that people finally lose their mind.People started offering sacrifices to it.But such a monster has a good appearance only (in the film, which is figurative as the corpse of a pilot), and the truth of the "paper tiger" will be discovered by uncovering its skin. Unfortunately, the children are ignorant, and they can not admit the simplest truth. Children who know the truth are either accidentally killed as "monster" (Simon)or are killed as "wild animals"(Ralph). In fact, the truth is the weapon that the rulers fear most.
This once again restore the real ancient society.The ruler establish his authority by mystifying some ordinary things and consolidate authority through a strict hierarchy.People who are not in the ruling elite have no right to know the truth.For example, in ancient Egypt, people could not see Pharaoh himself, because Pharaoh wanted people to believe he was God.The Shang Dynasty was the same.As we know, the Shang and Dynasty has a brilliant bronze civilization. In the same period, the exquisite bronzes were in sharp contrast with the rough and backward tools of production. The rulers with bronze casting technology monopolized the technology and raw material. They did not want to share the technology ,but set up a complete system for mystifying and sanctifying bronze to maintain this order.
This movie show us a battle of modern morality and primitive instinct. Violence and instinct are necessary. There is no need to talk about such superstructures as reason and democracy without satisfying the instinctive physiological needs.It takes thousands of years for people to walk into civilization, and it takes only one second to think about backing savagery.
The stupidity, blindness, and animalism that the boys concealed under the education were induced by the director.When human civilization faced the crisis of survival, it unveiled its hypocrisy. The conch symbolized the democratic order but it is so fragile in the face of violence and the desire to survive.
这群孩子们在荒岛上演绎了一个微缩的人类社会。我从不知道由一个个小天使一样的孩子来表现人类最极致的丑恶会如此令人胆寒。《蝇王》带给我的不论是视觉上、精神上还是心理上的震撼,都是极具冲击性的。我觉得,黑白电影的张力永远在于避免眼球被色彩的跳动分散注意力,从而使得我们能够静静思考。
民主、科学、理性、暴力这些字眼很抽象,所以,我想象不到它们碰撞的结果。我读过描写我国饥饿年代的书籍,也看过南非那个骨瘦如柴的小孩儿的图片。可那座荒岛上的十几个孩子,让我第一次知道,没有物质基础的文明多么脆弱,没有严格社会规则的人性多么丑恶。
过去,我不相信人有原罪。人刚刚生下来怎么会有罪?没来由地就犯了罪?我不懂。我总觉得有因有果,才是逻辑。可近些年来,青少年犯罪越来越趋于低龄化,几年前一岁半的小原原在电梯里被一个10岁的小女孩打成重伤的事件我还记忆犹新。著名的“李天一案”中一名警官接受采访时说“那几个犯了强奸罪的孩子根本不清楚自己犯了多大的错,也根本不懂法。开始的时候还问我‘警察叔叔,我什么时候能回家呀?’……”可那几个十几岁的少年就是做出了那样恐怖的事,他们什么都不懂,什么也不想的时候,选择了遵从本能,这一刻,我想到了野兽。
我也越来越迷茫, 是人性的缺失,才作恶?还是人性本恶?
对原著的完美改编,看片过程中多年前读的原著如抽丝剥茧般被回忆起来。有几段甚至超出了我的想象,例如第一次去山顶确认“野兽”的存在那一场景。
环境造就恶魔
开头交代事件背景时使用的停格摄影颇为前卫。原著还有影片所表达的,即对于人性的无奈。即便是天真不谙世事的孩子,在他们之中亦会形成战争,有人的地方就有群体,有群体便有野蛮和专制。掌握在少数人手里的理性与民主中将会被其取缔,这个小岛里确实有野兽,他们的内心就是。人性才是最为肮脏的东西
虽然Ralph代表皿煮和理性,但Piggy才是智慧和光明的象征。双胞胎是纯粹和纯洁?燃鹅看完后还是不造"Lord of the Flies"啥意思……(最后成年男子出现时想到空中杀手。。
孩子们害怕莫须有的野兽,到头来真正的“野兽”却是在人性中潜伏着的兽性。
民主法制和独裁专制,谁给人以最迫切的富足和最触手可及的希望,谁就会拥有海量的追随者。
8/10 迫不及待想看原著小说啊
战争大环境下 孩子也都跟着疯了
小学时候读这本书时,懵懵懂懂被里面黑暗的力量所慑服。今天重温寒意仍在,关于成人社会的政治比拟好懂许多,但更大范畴其实仍旧有东西可供挖掘。原著魅力强大。这个版本的Piggy和Ralph成功过Jack, 节奏、气氛、演绎基本高度忠于原作。慢镜头爬上Captain惊愕脸庞时,绝境逢生的
http://v.pptv.com/show/Oa2CAGjOPnzfXaE.html
开头不错
据说戈尔丁很喜欢对原著的“简单化处理”。寓言的性质过强,反而看起来有点刻意了。视听上发明了“fake tracking”,用变焦镜头造成轨道的效果。最好的一个段落是Piggy死后拉尔夫奔逃的段落的画外音处理,高度心理化。时间、服装、光的衔接性很不好。
孤岛向来都是人性的试验场,在努力建立起的文明世界里成长起来的我们当然没办法感觉到大自然生存策略的残酷,但一旦一群人置身到遵从弱肉强食的丛林法则的极端环境下时会发什么现实和文学都已经无数次用血淋淋的事实证明了人是环境产物,群体意志确实存在,而为了对抗风险求生存人类什么事情都做得出。
精彩呈现原著,理性和民主匍匐在野蛮与独裁的脚下。
关于人,人性和男性永远与生俱来的恶与杀戮。(这一版比后来1990那一版好太多太多)
远胜于90版。
成人才看得懂的儿童片
走进文明需要千年的迂回努力,走进荒蛮只需一秒的不假思索。
通往奴役之路,何其自然平坦!通往民主之路,何其曲折艰难。
很喜欢。